نشریه معرفت ادیان
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 46، بهار 1400)

Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper studies the quality of creation in the works of philosophers and theologians. This article tries to analyze the quality of creation from the perspective of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The creation from non-existence is one of the important issues that should be studied from a religious point of view and finally the related issues should be clarified, because it is the basis of many scientific and religious issues. In the following, the confusion that some people have committed and have separated the realm of religion and reason has been presented and then its answer has been expressed from the point of view of Islam, which is the only answerer to this question. Finally, the results of the discussions are mentioned.

Comparative studies of the interpretation of the Holy Quran and the Bible is one of the most important and at the same time neglected issues in the field of the comparative theology. Lack of transparency in many issues that are related to the methods of interpreting of the Quran and the wide range of authorship of commentary books on Islamic heritage on the one hand, and the dominance of hermeneutics and philosophy over biblical interpretation after the Renaissance in the West on the other hand are among the reasons that strengthens the motivation to strive in this kind of comparative study between Islam and Christianity. In examining some indicators, the possibility of this comparison will become clearer. Some of the most important indicators are, interpretive authority, impossibility of generalization at the historical level, trope as a principle and the relationship between the originality and interpretation of the text. The connection between biblical interpretation and philosophical discussions (from Aristotle to Descartes) and the difference between the category of interpretation in Islam and Christianity, due to the relatively absolute and official authority of the Church in interpreting texts, to some extent, has led the result of this comparative study to baselessness. However, the nature of interpretation in the Islamic tradition is more of a form of a civilization media in which religious teachings are reflected.

Based on the research, belief in sacred trees can be found in various forms around the world and for a variety of reasons. In Iranian popular culture, some plants and trees have been given special power, properties and sanctity. There are few places in Iran that do not have a sample of respected trees. These different trees are generally believed to have relatively similar characteristics, including, prohibition of cutting, prohibition of breaking their branches that may cause destruction or serious damage to one who does so. According to popular belief, these trees meet the needs of the needy and are effective in repelling some diseases and evil eye. The results show that, in general, belief in sacred trees is different in theistic and atheistic religions. Among Muslims, the sanctity of certain trees is mostly related to the manifestation of God and the position of the pure souls of saints and mystics, or to their tombs, or to the deeds and life events of prophets and religious leaders, but in atheistic religions, the sanctity of trees is reduced to the status of spirits and goddesses and in practice to the level of magic and spell. Using written sources and descriptive-analytical method, this research has been done.

Theoretical foundations of romantic mysticism are epistemological dimensions that deal with the knowledge of the truth and position of love as an ontological category, which increases the knowledge of the rightfulness of existence in the direction of love-oriented journey. One of the works in which romantic mysticism can be seen in abundance is Bhagavad Gita. Although, this work is a combination of Vedic beliefs, Upanishad teachings and the school of yoga, and has also been influenced by the invasion of Aryan beliefs into their land, traces of Islamic romantic mysticism can be clearly seen in it. This article deals with the application of the romantic mysticism of this book and the Lama'at of Iraqi (among romantic mystical books). Considering the study, in addition to the similarities that can be seen between these two works in terms of components and characteristics of the levels of behavior (desire, love, etc.), there are some differences. Some of these differences are, failure to achieve the survival with Allah (Ishvara) and merely deliverance of Puruṣa from the bondage of the body according to the school of yoga, the symbolic form of Brahman and Moksha from God and the unity of existence with it as well as the status of love and the ways to achieve it and how to study its solutions.

The influence of the Baha'is among a section of the Zoroastrian community in Iran was considered one of the greatest problems of the followers of this religious minority during the Qajar period. In those days, a number of educated Zoroastrian youth, influenced by the lifestyle and teachings of the Parsis or Parsees and the reformist and egalitarian slogans of the emerging so-called Baha'i faith, undertook extensive social and religious reforms within the Iranian Zoroastrian community and formed the Baha'i Zoroastrian community of Iran (Aheba). Using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the documents and works of the Zoroastrian and Baha'i communities of Iran, this paper studies the reasons behind the connection between the followers of Zoroastrianism and the so-called Baha'i faith and the consequences of this connection among the Zoroastrian community in Iran. The results indicate that the social pressures on Zoroastrian dissidents and the support of the Parsis and the British for these people, led some Zoroastrians to convert to the emerging so-called Baha'i faith, which led to widespread conflicts among prominent Zoroastrian figures in Iran

In general, the metaphor of the idea of the sex can be applied to those theological reflections that deal with the subject of the idea of the sex from a theological point of view. This part of theology is associated with political theology in Kabbalah Judaism. Such a description of the Holy Land contains a feeling of prejudice and zeal (like a husband's prejudice to his wife) and has created a kind of political theology of the idea of the sex. This theological belief, which promoted a kind of sexual-political honest-praising, was achieved in two ways. In other words, Kabbalah Judaism metaphorically analyzes its politics and political thought based on the idea of the sex themes of the Bible. Kabbalah political theology explains this analysis in particular in the sense of Shekhinah returning from exile or a woman distanced from her husband, which is based on a kind of formative relationship between God as husband and the nation of Israel as wife. This marital relationship between God and the nation of Israel turns into a kind of theological honest-praising in the political field, which will be analyzed in this paper.